Retinal Tear and Detachment

The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that enables vision. As we age, the gel inside the eye (the vitreous) can naturally pull away from the retina. This is called a vitreous detachment. This is often harmless, but a strong pull may cause a retinal tear. Fluid can then pass through the tear and lift the retina from the back of the eye, leading to a retinal detachment. This is a serious condition and is treated as an emergency, as it can cause permanent vision loss if it is left untreated. A retinal tear and detachment may also result in bleeding into the interior of the eye. This is called a vitreous haemorrhage.

What Is a Retinal Tear and Retinal Detachment?

A retinal tear occurs when the retina develops a small break, often due to changes in the vitreous gel inside the eye. If fluid passes through this tear, it can cause the retina to lift away from the back of the eye, leading to retinal detachment. Retinal detachment prevents the retina from receiving oxygen and nutrients, which can result in permanent vision loss if not treated promptly. These conditions usually affect one eye but can place the other eye at increased risk.

Retinal tears and detachments are considered medical emergencies that require immediate attention.

Symptoms and Risk Factors

Risk factors include short-sightedness, previous detachment, family history, eye injury, and weak retinal areas. Warning signs can often appear suddenly and may include sudden flashes of light, new or worsening floaters, or a shadow or “curtain” across your vision. Prompt assessment by an ophthalmologist is essential.

Retinal Tear and Retinal Detachment Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a thorough eye examination with pupil dilation to allow a clear view of the retina. Advanced retinal imaging may be used to assess the location and severity of the tear or detachment. These tests help guide the most appropriate treatment approach. Early diagnosis improves the likelihood of preserving vision and avoiding further complications.

Retinal Tear & Detachment Treatment Options

Retinal tears are typically treated with laser or cryotherapy to seal the retina. Retinal detachments require surgery, such as vitrectomy or scleral buckle, to reposition and secure the retina. During surgery, the vitreous gel may be replaced by a gas bubble to put pressure on the retina while it heals. Recovery may involve following specific head-positioning instructions.

Retinal Tear and Retinal Detachment Frequently Asked Questions