Epiretinal Membrane
An epiretinal membrane (ERM), also known as macular pucker, occurs when wrinkles or bulges form on the macula. ERM can cause central vision distortion, wavy lines, cloudy areas, or difficulty seeing fine details.
Epiretinal membranes are often slow to develop and may not require immediate treatment. Careful monitoring allows our specialists to recommend intervention only when vision is significantly affected.
Causes and Risk Factors
The most common cause of ERM is aging. With age, the vitreous gel shrinks and pulls away from the retina. This may cause scar tissue to form, leading to macular wrinkling. Other risk factors include previous retinal tears or detachment, swelling inside the eye, and blood vessel problems in the retina.
Epiretinal Membrane Diagnosis
Diagnosis of an epiretinal membrane involves a comprehensive eye examination and detailed retinal imaging. Advanced scans allow specialists to see the membrane clearly and assess its impact on the macula. These images help determine whether the condition is stable or progressing. Regular monitoring is often recommended for mild cases that do not significantly affect vision.
Treatment and Management
Treatment depends on severity. Mild cases may only require updated glasses prescriptions, while more severe cases can benefit from vitrectomy surgery. This procedure removes the scar tissue and flattens the macula, resulting in gradual vision improvement. Recovery can continue for up to a year. Once the macula has had a chance to heal, a prescription for new glasses will be recommended. However, vision may not be as good as it was before the epiretinal membrane developed. In patients who have not undergone cataract surgery, development of a cataract may occur more rapidly following vitrectomy surgery.
If left untreated, ERM can cause permanent retinal damage, affecting daily activities such as reading or driving. Recurrence of ERM is uncommon, making treatment generally effective and long‑lasting.
Epiretinal Membrane Frequently Asked Questions
Is an epiretinal membrane the same as macular degeneration?
No, an epiretinal membrane is a different condition and does not involve the same retinal damage seen in macular degeneration.
Can an epiretinal membrane go away on its own?
Most epiretinal membranes do not disappear on their own, but many remain stable and do not require treatment.
Is epiretinal membrane surgery painful?
The surgery itself is not painful, as the eye is numbed with anaesthetic. Mild discomfort during recovery is common.
How long does it take to recover from epiretinal membrane surgery?
Initial recovery takes several weeks, but vision may continue to improve for several months after surgery.
If you are experiencing blurred or distorted central vision, contact 02 9221 3755 to book an assessment with our experienced retinal specialists and discuss epiretinal membrane treatment options.
