Central Serous Retinopathy

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSR) is a condition where fluid builds up beneath the retina, creating a blister that affects the macula. It most commonly affects adults aged 20–50 and occurs more often in men. The exact cause is often unknown, but CSR has been linked to stress, steroid use, pregnancy, and certain vascular conditions. It is thought to result from dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which normally prevents fluid from leaking under the retina.

Symptoms and Risk Factors

Symptoms may include blurred or distorted vision, reduced colour and contrast, objects appearing smaller than normal, and mild vision loss. Diagnosis is made through a detailed retinal examination and imaging tests.



The exact cause of central serous retinopathy is not fully understood, but stress is believed to play a significant role. Elevated stress hormones can affect the blood vessels beneath the retina, leading to fluid leakage. Use of corticosteroid medications, including tablets, inhalers or topical creams, is a known risk factor. The condition is more common in men aged between 30 and 50. High blood pressure and sleep disorders may also increase risk.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a comprehensive eye examination and specialised retinal imaging. Advanced scans allow specialists to detect fluid beneath the macula and confirm the diagnosis. Imaging also helps determine whether the condition is acute or chronic. Regular monitoring is important to track changes and guide treatment decisions.

Central Serous Retinopathy Treatment Options

Most cases resolve naturally within six months, often with lifestyle adjustments such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and reduced stress. However, CSR can recur. In persistent cases, treatment options may include laser therapy or photodynamic therapy, depending on the location and severity of the leakage.

Central Serous Retinopathy Frequently Asked Questions